k¨nZm-\-µ³ : Ihnbpw hn-hÀ¯I\pw
tPmk-^v sI.tPm_v
hnÚm-\-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ hnhÀ¯-\-¯n \n¶v XnI¨pw `n¶-amb {]iv\-X-e-§-fmWv kÀ¤m-ß-I-km-ln-Xy-¯sâ hnhÀ¯\w apt¶m-«p-h-bv¡p-¶-sX-¶Xv ]pXnb Imcy-a-Ã. kÀ¤m-ß-I-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ hnhÀ¯\w D¶-bn-¡p¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ Ffp¸w ]cn-l-cn-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã. F¶n-cp-¶mepw, kÀ¤m-ßIkmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ F¶-t]mse kÀ¤mß-I-km-ln-XyIrXnI-fpsS hnhÀ¯-\hpw temI¯v \nc-´cw krãn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw hmbn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. Ihn-X-bpsS `mh-{]-I-S-\-]-chpw AÀY-Úm-\-]-c-hp-amb hn\y-k\w Ncn-{Xm[njvTnX\nÀ½n-Xn-bm-sW¶ hkvXpX C¶v ]cs¡ AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-v. kmlnXys¯-t¸mse hnhÀ¯-\hpw \nÀ½n-Xn-bmWv F¶Xn cp-]-£-an-Ã. Hcp IhnX AsX-gp-X-s¸« AÀY-Úm-\-hy-h-Ø-bn \n¶v asämcp AÀY-Úm-\-hy-h-Ø-bn-tebv¡p FSp-¯p-h-bv¡¶ {]hÀ¯-\-amWv Ihn-Xm-hn-hÀ¯-\-¯n kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. A\p-`-h-§sf {Iao-I-cn-¡p-¶Xpw A\p-`-h-bm-YmÀYys¯ Adn-bp-¶Xpw cp hyXykvX`mj-I-fn XnI¨pw hyXy-kvX-amb coXn-I-fn-em-bn-cn¡pw. BXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ t{kmX-þ-e-£y-`m-j-I-fn Xpey-]-Z-§Ä Is-¯m³ \S-¯p¶ hnhÀ¯\{
CwKvfo-jn-t\mfw kar-²-amb ]Z-k-©-bw ae-bm-f-¯n-en-sÃ-¶-XmWv anI¨ Cw¥ojv IrXn-I-fpsS hnhÀ¯\w Zpjv¡-c-am-¡p-¶-sX¶v kÀ¤m-ßIkmln-Xy-¯nse hnhÀ¯-\{]iv\§Ä NÀ¨-sN¿p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bn Un. s_©-an³ (1994: 39-þ50) A`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p-v. B\µw F¶ hm¡n\v Xpey-amb Hcp ]Zw CwKvfo-jn-en-Ãm-¯-Xp-sImv CwKvfo-jn Cu Bibw thhn[w hyà-am-¡-s¸-Sn-ö kzman hnth-Im-\µnsâ A`n-{]mbamWv Xsâ hmZ-¯n\v ]n³_e-ambn At±lw \nc-¯p-¶-Xv. Hcp ]Z-¯nsâ {]I-c-Whpw {]tbmKX-e-§fpw AXp-cq-]-s¸« `mj-bn¯s¶ hyXy-kvX-amb AÀY-hn-h-£-IÄ krãn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv k¼-¶-amb ]Z-k-©-b-ap-m-bm t]mepw hnhÀ¯\w km[y-am-I-W-sa-¶nÃ. `mj-bpsS AXohk¦oÀ®hpw kq£va-hp-amb {]tbm-K-amWv kmln-Xy-¯n ImWp-¶-Xv. Hcp aqe-Ir-Xn-bnse A¯cw {]tbm-K-§Ä¡v kam-\-amb `mjm-{]-tbm-K-§Ä e£y-`m-j-bn Is-¯pI F¶-Xm-Wv hnhÀ¯-I³ t\cn-Sp¶ Gähpw henb shÃp-hnfn (s_-©-an³ 1994). AXns\ AXn-Po-hn-¡m³ hnhÀ¯-IÀ¡v A{X-sb-fp¸w Ign-bp-I-bp-anÃ.
B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS temI-ho-£-Whpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xhpw DÄs¡m-p-sImv ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn cwK-{]-th-i\w sN¿p-Ibpw aq¶p-]-Xn-äm-p-I-fmbn ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn kPo-h-ambn \ne-\n¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Ihn-bm-Wv k¨n-Z-m\-µ³. I¡m-Sv, A¿-¸-¸-Wn-¡À, IS-½-\n-«, sI. Pn. i¦-c-¸nÅ F¶n-h-tcm-sSm¸w B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Ihn-bmbn k¨n-Zm-\-µ\pw {]Xn-jvTm]n¡-s¸-«pv. Cw¥o-jn-\-¸p-ds¯ bqtdm-]y³ Ihn-I-fp-tSbpw B{^n-¡³, emän³þAta-cn-¡³ Ihn-I-fp-tSbpw Ihn-X-IÄ ae-bm-f-¯n-tebv¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXv ae-bm-f-I-hnXm`mhp-I-Xzs¯ \ho-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn A¿-¸-¸-Wn-¡-sc-t¸mse k¨n-Zm-\-µ\pw henb ]¦p-h-ln-¨n-«p-v. {_lväv, s\cqZ, B{^n-¡³ Idp-¸p-I-hn-IÄ F¶n-hsc ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv k¨n-Zm-\µ-\m-Wv. temI-¯nsâ hnhn-[-bn-S-§-fn \n¶pÅ {]Xn-tcm-[-c-N-\-Ifpw XS-h-d-¡-hn-X-Ifpw tNmÀs¶mcp¡nb hn¹-thm-·p-J-I--hn-X-I-fpsS ]pXp-Im-hy-]-cn-k-c-amWv C{]-Imcw Xpd-¡-s¸-«-Xv. kmaq-ln-tImÀÖ-¯nsâ am[y-a-ambn IhnX cq]m-´-c-s¸« A¡mew apX Ct¸mgpw k¨n-Zm-\µsâ Ihn-Xm-km-¶n[yw ae-bm-f-¯n-ep-v.
hnhÀ¯-\-§-fneqsS temI-I-hn-Xsb ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯nbtXmsS¸w ‘temI\ne-hm-c-apÅ’ ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-IÄ cNn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-Isf temI-`m-j-I-fn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-epw k¨n-Zm-\µ³ Xo{h-ambn ]cn-{i-an-¨n-«pv. B[p-\n-I-Im-hy-`m-j-sb-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-am-sbmcp t_m[w hnI-kn-¸n-¡m³ hnhÀ¯-\-§Ä X\n¡v Fsd klm-bIam-bn«p-s¶v k¨n-Zm\-µ³ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xp-Im-Wmw. F¶m Xsâ t{]£-W-¯ntem `mh-¯ntem CS-s]-Sm³ Ihn-Xm-hn-hÀ¯-\s¯ Hcp-¡epw Xm³ A\p-h-Zn-¨n-«n-söpw At±lw t_m[n-¸n-¡p-¶pv. temI-¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK-§-fn \n¶pÅ Bbn-c-¯n-tesd Ihn-X-I-fmWv At±lw hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv. “C¶pw Ahn-I-kn-X-amb ae-bmf`mj-bpsS Hcp _e-]-co-£-Ww, ae-bm-fn-bpsS Imhy-]-cn-N-b-¯nsâ hnIm-kw, `mhp-I-Xz-¯nsâ kw{I-aWw, cN-\m-]-c-amb Hcp ]cn-io-e\w” Ch-sbm-s¡-bm-Wv Ihn-Xm-hn-hÀ¯\§fn-eqsS At±lw e£y-an-Sp-¶Xv (k-¨n-Zm-\-µ³:1988).
aq¶p ]Xn-äm-p-I-fn-embn GXmv ]t¯mfw Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-§Ä k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ ]p-d¯n-d-¡n-bn-«p-v. temI-`m-j-I-fn-tebv¡v hym]-I-abn hnhÀ¯\w sN¿-s¸-«n-«pÅ ae-bm-f-I-hnbpw Ct±-l-am-bn-cn¡pw. C´y³ `mj-I-fn lnµn, Xan-gv, I¶-S, KpP-dm-¯n, ]©m-_n, _wKm-fn, Hdnb `mj-Ifnepw hntZ-i-`m-j-I-fmb {^©v, kzoUn-jv, djy³, emäzn-b³, skÀt_m þ s{Imtb-jy³, hnb-äv\m-aokv F¶o `mj-I-fnepw At±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-X-bpsS hnhÀ¯-\-§Ä h¶n-«pv. temI-¯nsâ hnhn-[-Ø-e-§-fn \S-¶n-«pÅ A´ÀtZ-iob Ihn-Xm-k-t½-f-\-§-fn C´ysb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¨n-«pÅ Ihn-bp-amWv Ct±-lw. temI-\n-e-hm-c-¯n-epÅ Ihn-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ t_m[hpw ae-bm-f-¯n Ah-bpsS kmwK-Xyhpw \¶mbn a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ Ihn-bm-Wv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ F¶p Npcp¡w. hnhÀ¯-\-s¯-¸än Kuc-h-ambn Nn´n-¨n-«pÅ \ncq-]-I-\p-amWv At±lw. Xsâ Ihn-X-IÄ A\y-`m-j-I-fn-tebv¡p hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXv Ah-bpsS Bkzm-Z-I-h-ebw hn]p-e-s¸-Sp-¯nb Ht«sd Ihn-kp-lr-¯p-¡fpw At±-l-¯n-\p-v. Ihn-X-hn-hÀ¯-\-s¯-¸-än-bpÅ Xsâ ImgvN-]mSv ‘Ihn-Xm-hn-hÀ¯-\w’ F¶ t]cn-epÅ Ihn-X-bm-bn-¯s¶ At±lw Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶p.
Ihn-X-bnepw hnhÀ¯-\-¯nepw kZm PmKp-cq-I-\mbn hÀ¯n-¡p¶ k¨n-Zm-\-µsâ Nne Ihn-X-IÄ At±lw Xs¶ Cw¥o-jn-tebv¡p hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn-«pv. So Many Births: Three Dacades of Poetry F¶ kam-lm-c-¯n Ihn -kzbw sNbvX hnhÀ¯-\-§fpw aä-Å-hÀ sNbvX hnhÀ¯-\-§-fp-ap-v.
Cu kam-lm-c-¯n-epÅ Ihn-bpsS kz´w hnhÀ¯-\-§sf ASn-Øm-\-am¡n hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ km[y-X-I-fpsS/ Akm-[y-X-I-fpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-\pÅ {ia-am-Wn-Xn \S-¯p-¶Xv.
Imhy-mßmhv hnIm-c-¯nsâ cq]-¯n `mj-bn ebn¨p InS-¡p¶p F¶-Xn-\m IhnX hnhÀ¯-\-£-a-a-Ã, hnhÀ¯-\-¯n \jvS-s]-Sp-¶-sXt´m AXmWv IhnX Fs¶ms¡ hnhÀ¯-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Nn´n-¨n-«pÅ BZy-Im-e-km-ln-Xy-ao-amw-k-Icpw, hnhÀ¯\w F¶Xv IrXn-bpsS `mjm-´-co-I-c-W-a-Ã, adn¨v AXv ]p\-kr-jvSn-bm-sW-¶¶v t]mÌvþ tImtfm-Wn-b XÀÖ-a-ssk-²m-´n-Icpw hmZn-¡p¶ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n Ihn-Xs¶ Xsâ Ihn-X-IÄ hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p-t¼mÄ kw`-hn-¡p-¶-sX´v Fs¶m-c-\z-jWw {]k-à-am-Wv.
aq¶p-Im-e-L-«-§-fn At±-l-sa-gp-Xnb aq¶p-I-hn-X-Ifpw AXn\v At±lsagp-Xnb hnhÀ¯-\-§-fp-amWv ChnsS ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡p-¶Xv. ]\n, hoSv, hn¡v F¶o-I-hn-X-IÄ Fever, House, Stammer F¶o-t]-cp-I-fn Cw¥o-jn k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Xs¶ hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p-¶pv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Ihn-X-I-fpsS hnhÀ¯-\-§Ä hmbn-¡p-¶-h-cn ae-bmfw Adn-bp¶hcpw ae-bmfw Adn-bm-¯-h-cp-ap-mImw. ae-bm-f-¯n Cu Ihn-X-IÄ hmbn-¨n-«p-Å-h-cn k¨n-Zm-\µsâ Ihn-X-IÄ henb {]Xn-I-c-W-§-sfm¶pw DWÀ¯m-\n-S-bn-Ã. aebmf-¯n Ihn Dt±-in-¨n-«p-Å AÀY-hn-h-£-IÄ Cw¥ojv hnhÀ¯-\-¯n \ã-s¸«p F¶p-Xp-S-§n-bpÅ Btcm-]-W-§Ä Ihn-Xs¶ hnhÀ¯-I-\mIp¶ C¯cw L«-§-fn tIÄt¡-n-h-cp-¶n-Ã. Ihnsb a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-Ã, Ihn-bpsS Dt±-inXAÀY-¯n \n¶v hyXn-N-en-¨p-t]mbn XpS-§nb Btcm-]-W-§Ä¡pw ChnsS {]k-àn-bn-Ã. Imhy-hn-j-b-¯nsâ {]iv\-§-fà AXv {]tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ `mj-bpsS {]iv\-§Ä am{X-amWv ChnsS {]k-à-ambn hcp-¶Xv. t{kmX-`m-j-bpsS kwkvIm-c-¯n IrXn-bp-m-¡nb AtX-^ew AtX-A-\p-]m-X-¯n e£y-`m-j-bnepw e`n-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã. am{X-aà hnhÀ¯nX]mTw e£y-`m-j-bn aäp-Nn-e-Xcw A\p-`-h-þ-{]-Xn-I-c-W-§Ä DWÀ¯n-sb¶pw hcmw. ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn-eqsS Ihn Ah-Xcn¸n¡p¶ [À½-k-¦-S-§fpw sshIm-cn-Im-\q-`q-Xn-Ifpw cm{ãobþ{]Xy-b-im-kv{X-t_m-[y-§fpw ]Ým-¯-e-ambn hcp¶ kmwkvIm-cnI]cn-k-c-¯p-\n¶v Gsd AI-se-\n¡p¶ kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-k-c-amWv Cw¥o-jn-tâ-Xv. Ncn-{X-¯nepw aqey-t_m-[-¯nepw hyXy-kvX-X-IÄ \ne-\n¯p¶ `mj-I-fmWv ae-bm-fhpw Cw¥ojpw. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ `mj-bv¡p-Ån \neo-\-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ A[n-Im-c-þ-hn-t[-b-Xz-_-Ô-§-fnepw Cu `mj-IÄ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.
ImcW§sfm¶p-a-ÃmsX s]m«n-]p-d-s¸-«p-h-cp¶hbà hnhÀ¯-\-§Ä.-hn-hÀ¯-\-§Ä F¶-t]-cn IrXn-IÄ ]p\:-kr-jvSn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-s-¦n Ahbv¡v hyà-amb Nne Imc-W-§-fp-mhmw. F´p-sIm-mWv k¨n-Zm-\µ³ Xsâ Ihn-X-IÄ Cw¥o-jn-tebv¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXXv? Ihn-Xm-hn-hÀ¯-\-§-fneqsS At±lw e£y-an-Sp-¶-sX-s´m-s¡-bmWv?
1. ae-bm-fn-bpsS kmwkv¡m-c-t¯bpw A\p-`-h-]-cn-k-c-t¯bpw A\y-`m-j-bn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mtWm?.
2. k¨n-Zm-\µ³ F¶ Ihn- Xsâ Ihn-Po-hn-X-¯n-eqsS t\-Sn-bXpw ae-bm-f-¯n Bhn-jv¡-cn-¨-Xp-amb kmln-Xy-kw-kv¡mcw A\y-`m-j-bn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mtWm?.
3. ae-bm-f-¯nsâ AÀY-Úm-\-hy-h-Ø-bn \ne-\n¡p¶ Nne Bi-b-§sf asämcp `mj-bpsS AÀY-Úm-\-hy-h-Ø-bn h¨v ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-tWm?.
ae-bm-fn-bpsS _u²n-I-amb {]hm-k-s¯-bmWv k¨n-Zm- \µ³I-hnX AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. B[p-\n-IXbpsS Ime¯v ae-bmfn Dm-¡n-sb-Sp¯ ]pXnb `mhp-IXzw Cw¥o-jn \n¶pw aäv bqtdm-]y³ `mj-I-fn \n¶pw ISwsIm-h-bmWv `mKn-I-ambn am{Xta AXv tIc-fo-b-amb A\p-`-h-ambn Xocp-¶pÅq. ae-bm-f-¯n kzmwio-I-cn-¡-s¸-SmsX bm{´nI-ambn FSp¯p-h-bv¡-s¸« Bi-b-tem-I-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. A¯-c-¯n-semcp Bibw hn\nabw sN¿-s¸-Sm-hp¶ `mj-bmbn ae-bmfw D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸«p F¶-ÃmsX Bi-b-tem-I-¯n\v A\p-Kp-W-ambn ae-bm-fs¯ ]mI-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-Sp-¡m³ {ia-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. A¯-c-¯n-epÅ cm{ão-b-þ-kmw-kv¡m-cnI ]cn-k-c-t¯-bv¡mWv temI-I-hn-X-I-fpsS hnhÀ¯-\-§fpw ]nd-¶p-ho-gp-¶-Xv. th\¡m-ew, kXy-hm-Mvaq-ew, ]\n,-]o-U-\-Imew, Bip-]{Xn F¶o Ihn-XIÄ cNn-¡p-¶ -Im-e-s¯-¡p-dn¨v k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ ]d-bp¶p: “]qÀ®-kzm-X-{´y-t¯-¡p-dn¨v tIh-ehpw Ncn-{X-_mlyhpw Bi-b-hm-Z-]-c-hp-amb Hcp k¦-ev]-am-sW-\n-¡p-m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. F¶m a\p-jysâ Xnc-sª-Sp-¸p-IÄ kml-N-cy-§-fpsS ISp¯ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ¡-I-¯mWXp \S-¡p-¶-sX¶pw `qan-bn kzmX´yw aqÀ¯-ambn km£m¡-cn¡pw Ncn-{X-¯n-eqsS am{Xta km[y-amIq F¶pw A\p-`-h-§Ä Fs¶ ]Tn-¸n¨p. Ncn-{X-¯nsâ I®p-e-`n-¨-tXmsS Øehpw Imehpw P\-X-bpw hÀ¤hpw {][m-\-ambn. hyàn-I-fpsS Bß-hy-Y-IÄ kmaq-lnIhyY-IÄ IqSn-bmbn. AtXmsS kacw {]k-à-ambn. {]Xymibv¡p IS-¶p-h-cm³ hgn-bpmbn” (k-¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 1988).
A¡m-e¯v k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ ae-bm-f-¯n cNn-¨- I-hn-X-Ifpw At±lw Xs¶ temI-km-ln-Xy-¯n \n¶v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvsX-Sp¯ Ihn-X-I-fpw X½n `mh-]-c-amtbm cq]-]-c-amtbm {]I-S-amb hyXym-k-§-sfm¶pw ImWm-\n-Ã. cntâbpw D±-iy-e-£y-§fpw Gsd-¡psd H¶p-X-s¶-bm-bn-cp-¶n-cn¡Ww. ChnsS ]T-\-hnt[bam-¡n-bn-cn-¡p¶ aq¶p-I-hn-X-I-fnepw tIc-fo-b-amb Hcp A\q-`-h-]-cn-k-ctam ae-bm-fn-bpsS kmwkv¡m-cn-I-kz-Xz-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-I-tfm -Zr-iy-a-Ã. C¯cw Ihn-X-IÄ hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p-¶-Xn-eqsS ae-bm-fn-bpsS kmwkv¡m-c-t¯bpw A\p-`-h-]-cn-k-c-t¯bpw A\y-`m-j-bn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-I- F-s¶m-cp-t±iyw hnhÀ¯-I\v Dm-hp-I-bp-söv hyàw.
k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ kzmwio-I-cn-¨Xpw ae-bm-f-¯n-em-hn-jv¡-cn-¨-Xp-amb kmln-Xy-kw-kv¡mcw A\y-`m-j-bnse A\p-hm-N-IÀ¡v ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯pI F¶ Dt±-iy-t¯m-sS-bmtWm hnhÀ¯-\-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¨-sX¶v C\n ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--Xp-v. Fgp-¯-Ñ-\n XpS§n Bim-\n-eqsS hfÀ¶v sshtem-¸-nÅn-bnepw ]nbnepw CS-tÈ-cn-bnepw hsc F¯n-\n¡p¶ ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn \n¶mWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Imhym-\p-io-e\w t\Sp¶Xv. B Imhy-kw-kvImcw XoÀ¨-bmbpw k¨n-Zm-\-µs\ kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-v. ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS km[y-X-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v Xsâ Nn´-Isf {]t£-]n-¡m\pw k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ {iaw \S-¯n-bn-«pv. F¶n-cp-¶mepw sXm«p-ap³]s¯ Ihn-IÄ sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xn \n¶v hyXy-kvX-amb Imhy-]-Ùm-hmWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. tIc-fo-b-amb ]cn-t{]-£y--¯n-eà kmÀh-eu-In-I-amb Hcp ]cn-t{]-£y-¯n-emWv k¨n-Zm-\µ³I-hnX \ne-\n¡p-¶-Xv. ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xbpw Iehpw hfsc A]qÀh-ambn am{Xta ae-bm-fn-bnse ]qÀ®-a-\p-jy-Xzs¯ DWÀ¯m-\pÅ {]m]vXn t\Sp-¶p-Åp-sh¶pw CS-tÈ-cn-bv¡p-tijw am\-hnIXbp-tSbpw [mÀ½n-I-X-bp-tSbpw ss\Xn-I-{]-Imcw XoÀ¯pw AWªp InS-¶ -\m-fp-I-fn Fgp-¯m-cw-`n-¨v, Ihn-X-bpsS ]g-b-ho-Sp-hn-«v, kaq-l-¯n Zpcn-X-a-\q-`-hn-¡p¶ a\p-jyÀ¡nS-bn DbÀ¶p \nev¡p¶ t_m[n-¨p-h-«n-se-¯n, Adn-hpt\Sn, hm¡p-t\Sn, {]hm-N-I-i-_vZ-¯n kwkm-cn¨pw XpS-§n-sb¶v ]n. F³. Zmkv \nco-£n-¡p-¶pv (k-¨n-Zm-\-µ³: 1988) Xsâ ss\XnI-t_m-[hpw am\-hn-I-t_m-[hpw Gsdbpw _u²-ss{I-kvX-h-_nw-_-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶Xv. `pX-Im-e-¯nsâ _p²-\p-]-Icw DWÀhnsâ _p²-s\-bmWv Ihn Xsâ Ihn-X-I-fn {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-¶Xv. sshhn-[y-§fpw sshcp-²y-§fpw \ndª A\p-`-h-{]©w Ihnsb Akz- Ø-am-¡p-Ibpw Ihn-bnse Aß-t_m-[s¯ DWÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶pv ChnsS. kz´w AkvXn-Xz-¯nsâ `mK-am-bn-¯o-cp¶ kzmwio-I-cn-¡-s¸« Adn-hp-Ifpw A\p-`q-Xn-I-fp-amWv Ihn-bpsS iàn. Ime-¯n-e-tâbpw tZi-¯n-tâbpw AXn-cq-Isf t`Zn-¡p¶ Adnhpw A\p-`q-Xn-bp-amWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ-sâbpw Ihn-Xsb \nb-{´n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶Xv. AXns\ Hcp \nebv¡pw tIc-fo-b-ambn am{Xw \nÀ¯n ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-\m-hnÃ. CXv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Ihn-X-I-fpsS iàn-bmbn ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]mse ZuÀ_-ey-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn¡mw F¶p-tXm-¶p-¶p. “Ihn `mj-bv¡p-Ån-emWv hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-¯n-sâ Ah-t_m[w temIs¯ kv]Àin¨pw am\p-jn-I-am-¡p-¶Xnsâ {Ia-am-Wv ChnsS `mj. Ihn-bpsS `mj Abm-fpsS temI-¯ntâ LS-\-X-s¶bmWv .k¨n-Zm-\-µsâ temIw `qX-Im-em-\p-jvTm-\-§Ä Xp-SÀ¶p-t]m-cp¶ temI-a-Ã, A\p-jvTm-\-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨-bn \n¶mWv B temIw Db-cp-¶Xv. Imhy-_nw-_-§-fpsS B´-c-L-S-\-bmbn temI-s¯-am-äp¶anI¨ Ihn-I-fnÂ, Ihn-X-bpsS k¯bpw Iem-]hpw, A`-bhpw {]hÀ¯-\-hp-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. Acp-]-n-bmb a\Êv kmaq-ly-k¯-bn-te¡pw AXnsâ ssP{X-bm{X XpS-cp¶p” F¶p \-tc-{µ-{]kmZv ]d-bp-¶n-S¯v k¨n-Zm-\-µsâ Ihn-X-bpsS BtKm-f-C-S-am-Wv Øm]n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. \nÀ½ehpw k¼qÀ®hpamb Imhy-¯nsâ DÅ-S-¡-¯nÂ\n-¶v AXnsâ B`-c-W-amb i_vZ-Xm-f-§Ä tNÀ¶ `mjsb thÀs¸-Sp-¯m-\m-hnsÃ-¶mWv s]mXpth Bib hmZ-]-c-amb ImgvN-¸m-Svv. {`qW-¯n\v KÀ` ]m{X-t¯m-SpÅ _Ô-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zy-¯n\v {]Xn-]m-Z-\-t¯m-bp-Å-sX¶ tjm¸³ tldnt\t¸m-ep-Å-hÀ ]dªph¨n-«p--tÃm. B \ne-]m-Sns\ icn-h-¨p-sImp t]mepw IhnX hnhÀ¯\w sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-sW¶pw F¶m hnhÀ¯\w sN¿-s¸« IhnX kzX{´amb AkvXn-Xz-apÅ ]pXpkrjvSn bmsW¶p KWn-¡-W-sa¶pw hmZn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶pv. (Pabithra Kumar Roy 1988:310) A\p-`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw Bhn-jvI-c-W-¯n-sâbpw CS-bn-epÅ am[yaw am{X-amWv Ihn ChnsS. hnhÀ¯-I-\m-Is« Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡-s¸« A\p-`qXnsb asämcp Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡-s¸« A\p-`qXnbm¡n amäp¶ am[yaw am{X-am-Wv.
ae-bm-f-¯n Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡-s¸« A\p-`qXnsb CwKvfojn Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡-s¸« A\p-`qXnbmbn amäwhcp-¯pI am{X-amWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ sN¿p-¶-sX¶p ]d-bmw. ae-bmfw Ihn CwKvfojv hnhÀ¯-I-\m-Ip-t¼mÄ cp Xc-¯n DZbPohn-bm-Ip-¶p-v. 1). Ihn-bmbpw hnhÀ¯-I-\m-bp-apÅ DZbPohn-XXzw 2) ae-bmfnbmbpw CwKvfojv `mjmRm\n-bm-b-n-apÅ DZ-b-Po-hnXXzw. D`-b-
]\n-¡p¶ kmbm-Ó-¯nÂ
R§Ä ]Xn-\m-bncw hÀj-§-fpsS
DjvW-ssZÀLy-t¯bpw
h³ Ic-I-fn ]S-cp¶ `qan-Ip-ep¡p¶ ]m«p-I-tfbpw
kqcy-\n-ep-cp¡n hmÀs¯Sp¯ ]me-kvXo-\nsâ
aZw s]m«nb t]mÀ hnam-\-§-tfbpw
Nnen-bpsS XpSp¯ BIm-i-¯n\pw Dudbv¡n«
ImäpIÄ¡pw IpdptI
s]s«¶p hoinb Igp-I³ \ng-en- t\bpw
ankn-Ên-¸n-bpsS Ic-¼p-en-I-fpsS
hc-b³ Ihn-XI-sfbpw Ipdn¨v
Dd-s¡-bp-ds¡ kwkm-cn-¨p.” (]-\n).
“In the evening of fever,
we sat by the little daughter’s sickbed
and talked.
We spoke aloud
of the hot lenght of ten thousand years,
of the earth shaking songs that spread over the continents,
of the frenzied bombers of the sun- made
of the sudden shadow of the hawk
that flew across the pink sky of
and tanned winds,
and of the stripped poems of Missisippi’s panthers.”
(Fever)
hnhÀ¯-\-£-a-X-bmWv C¯cw I-hn-X-I-fpsS KpW-ambn FSp-¯p-]-d-bm-hp-¶Xv. Ccp-I-hn-X-I-fn-epambn k¨n-Zm\-µ³ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Bi-b-¯n\v IqSp-X Poh-\p-ÅXv CwKvfo-jn-em-Wv. ae-bm-f-¯nsâ A\p-`h]cn-k-c-¯n-\n-W-§m¯ C¯cw Bi-b-§Ä CwKvfo-jnse A\p-`-h-]-cn-k-c-¯n\v IqSp-X CW-§p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.ae-bm-f-¯n\v XoÀ¯pw A\y-amb C¯cw Imhy_nw-§Ä Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS \½psS `mj-bpsS AÀY-hn-\n-a-b-tijn hÀ²-¸n-¡pI F¶-Xm-hWw Ihn-bpsS e£yw.
cp Ihn-X-I-tfbpw tNÀ¯p-h¨pw hmbn-¡p-t¼mÄv, Cu IhnX GXp `mj-bn-emWv BZyw cNn-¨Xv F¶Xns\-¸änbpw Hcp A\p-hm-N-I\v kwibapm-Imw. ae-bm-f-I-hnXsbgpXn AXp ]n¶oSv CwKvfo-jn-te¡v hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p-¶-Xm-bn-«mWv `mhn¡p-¶-sX-¦nepw ChnsS ]T\hnt[-b-am-Ip¶ IhnXIÄ BZyw Cw¥o-jn-se-gpXn ]n¶oSv ae-bm-f-¯n-te¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvX-XmtWm F¶v HcmÄ \ym-b-ambpw kwi-bn¨p t]mImw.
“]\n\oÀ¨§ebpsS I®n-IfneqsS hÀj-§-fpsS Fen- IÄ \s½ Icp Xn¶p-¶p.”
(ho-Sv).
“The rats of years are grawing us down through the rings of this rose- soft chain”
(House)
CXn-epÅ ‘]\n-\oÀ¨-§e’ F¶ {]tbmKw CwKvfo-jn rose-soft chain F¶mWv hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. ‘]\n-\oÀ-¨-§e’ F¶ {]tbmKw ae-bm-fn-bmb A\p-hm-N-I-\n Hc-\p-`-hhpw DWÀ¯m-\n-S-bn-Ã. rose-soft chain F¶-Xn\v [z\ym-ß-IX IqSpIbpw sN¿pw. AÀY hn\n-a-bhpw Xmc-X-tay\ Ffp-¸-am-Wv.
temI-`mjIfn-te¡v \ncm-bmkw hnhÀ¯\w sN¿m-hp¶ a«n ‘tKbvtY-b³ hniz-am-\-hn-I-X’bpsS Xe¯n-emWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ IhnX hnl-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ hniz-am-\-hn-I-X-e-¯n-epÅ Imhyt_m[-¯nsâ Bhn-jv¡-c-W-¯n\v At±-l-¯n\v IqSp-X {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp¶ `mj Cw-Kvfo-jp-am-Wv. Cw-Kvfo-jnte¡v XÀÖa sN¿-s¸« k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Ihn-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v Gjy³ GPv ]{Xw ]d-bp-¶-XmWv ChnsS {]k-à-amb Imcyw. “FÃm Ime-t¯bpw a\pjyPohn-I-fpsS {]-iv\-§-sf-¸änbpÅ \nXm-´amb Icp-X-emWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Ihn-X-I-fpsS {]tXy-I-X. BIp-e-X-Isf {]Xo-£-I-fp-ambn kwivtf-jn-¸n-¡p¶ Ihn Ccp--Kp-l-IfpsS HSp-hn shfn-¨#w kz]v\w ImWp-¶p. temI Ihn-X-Isf XÀÖa sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ AtX Imhy-`m-j-bn-emWv an¡ ae-bmfIhn-XIfpw At±-l-sa-gp-Xn-bn-«p-Å-Xv.
SmtKmÀ _wKm-f-n-se-gp-Xnb Nne Ihn-X-IÄ At±lw Xs¶ Cw¥o-jn-te¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn-«pÅXv The Gardner F¶ kam-lm-c-¯n-ep-v. Ah-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n s\cqZ kv]m\njv `mjI-fn Nne kzX´yhnhÀ¯\§fpw sNbvXp. AXp ]n¶oSv iàn N{I-hÀ¯n _wKm-fn-bn-tebv¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXp. Chsbs¸än-bpÅ Hcp ]T\w ]_n{X IpamÀ tdmbnbptS-Xm-bp-v. (Amiya Dev and S.K. Das 1988) AXnsâ kvYm]n¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv _wKmfnIhn-X-sb-gp-Xnb SmtKmdpw hnhÀ¯-I-\mb SmtKmdpw s\cq-Zbpw iàn N{I-hÀ¯n-bp-sams¡ ]pXnb Ihn-X-I-sf-gp-Xp-I-bm-bncp¶psh-¶mWv. hnhÀ¯\w ]p\ÀP-·-amWv F¶mWv ChnsS Øm]n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡-p¶-Xv. Fever, House, Stammer F¶o Ihn-X-Ifpw ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bpsS hnhÀ¯-\-§Ä F¶p ImWp-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ kzX´ymkvXn-Xz-ap-Å /hyàn-Xz-apÅ Ihn-XIfmbn CwKvfo-jn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-hp-¶tX Dm-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. Htc a-\-Ên cq]-s¸-«Xpw Htc Bibw ]¦p-h-bv¡p-¶-Xp-amb Ihn-IÄ cp-`m-j-I-fnepw kzX-{´-I-hn-X-I-fmbn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-am-bn-cp-¶p. hnhÀ¯\ kn²m´s¯¸änbpw hnhÀ¯\w sImv kw`-hn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§-sf-¸-änbpw t_m[hm\mb k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ hnhÀ¯\w ]p\:-kr-jvSn-bm-sW¶v \¶m-b-dn-bmw. F¶n-«p-a-t±lw ae-bm-f-¯n-se-gp-Xnb Ihn-X-I-fpsS hnhÀ¯-\-am-bn-¯s¶ Cu Ihn-X-IÄ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. CXp ae-bmfw Ihn-X-I-fpsS hnhÀ¯-\-sa¶v Ihn Xs¶ Dd-¸n¨p ]d-bp-¶-Xnsâ Imc-W-§fpw \mw Btem-Nn-t¡--Xp-v. CwKvfo-jn-se-gp-Xp¶ Hcp C´y³ CwKvfojv Fgp-¯p-Im-c-\mbn Adn-b-s¸-bm³ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ CjvS-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. CXv hnhÀ¯-\-ap-bÀ¯p¶ cmjv{Sob {]iv\-§-fn-te¡v \bn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. aq¶mw temI-cm-Py-¯nse sNdp-InS `mj-I-fn-sem-¶mWv ae-bm-fw. C¯-c-¯n-semcp `mj-bnse Ihn-bm-bnþ ae-bm-f-¯nse Ihn-bmbn ]pdw \mSp-I-fn Adn-b-s¸-Sm-\mWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ B{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xv. CsX-´p-sImmhmw? kzbw \ntj-[n-¡m\pw kzbw krjvSn-¡m-\p-apÅ kzmX-{´yw, Hcn-¡epw Ihn-sb¶ \ne-bn k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ ssIhn-Sp-¶n-söv \tc-{µ-{]-kmZv ]d-bp-¶n-S¯v \nÀ¯mw.
{KÙ/teJ\ kqNn
Dev, Amiya and S K Das (1988) Comparitive Literature: Theory and Practice Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study
Roy, Pabitha Kumar (1988) ‘A reflection on the translatability of poetry and the odyssey of a song’ in Dev, Amiya and S K Das (1988)
Spivak, Gayathri Chakravarthy (1992) Outside in the Teaching Machine
s_©-an³ Un. (1994), hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {]iv\-§Ä kÀ¤mß-I-km-ln- Xy-¯n hn. BÀ. {]t_m-[-N-{µ³ \mbÀ (F-Un) 1994. hnhÀ¯-\-Nn-´-IÄ tIm«bw: Un. kn. _pIvkv.
k¨n-Zm-\-µ³, sI. (1988) k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ IrXnIÄ Be-¸pg: KuXa ]»n-t¡-j³kv
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