ae-bm-fn-bpsS cmP³

AYhm

cmP³ F¶ kmwk-vIm-cn-I-_nw_w

tPmk^v sI. tPm_v

Xntcm-[m\w sNbvXn«v aq¶p ]Xn-äm-­p-IÄ Ign-ªn«pw ae-bmfna\-Ên Hc-ÛpX {]Xn-`m-k-sa-¶-t]mse cmP³ \nd-ªp-\n-ev¡p-¶p. ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\-Ênse cmP\v Ct¸mgpw Ccp-]-Xp-h-b-ÊmWv {]mbw.

\½psS cmjv{Sob¡mcn ]ecpw Ak-ln-jvW-X-tbmsS tNmZn-¡m-dp­v: BcmWo cmP³? F´mWv cmP\n{X {]m[m-\yw?

tIc-f-¯nse tem¡-¸p-ap-dn-I-fn AXn-{Iq-c-amb B{I-a-W-§Ä¡pw sIme-]m-X-I-§Ä¡pw bmsXmcp £ma-hp-ap-­m-bn-«n-Ã. F{Xtbm sIme-]m-X-I-§Ä ChnsS sXfn-hp-I-f-h-ti-jn-¸n-¡msX HXp-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p! Ah-bvs¡m-¶n\pw In«m¯ am[y-a-{]m-[m\yw cmP³ t\SnsbSp¯-sX-§-s\-bmWv? ]e-h«w ad¡m\m-{Kln¨n«pw HmÀ½bn \n¶v ]msS ]ngp-Xp-I-f-bm³ {ian-¨n-«pw, Icp-Wm-I-c-s\-t¸msesbmcp cmjv{So-b-¡m-cs\ Hgn-bm-_m-[-t]mse cmP³ ]n´p-S-cp-¶p-­v. Icp-Wm-I-cs\ am{X-a-Ã, aäp ]e cmjv{So-b-¡-mscbpw t]meokpImscbpw cmP³ Ct¸mgpw Atem-k-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

cmPsâ Xntcm-[m-\-¯n-se-¶-t]mse \nKq-Vamb NneXv cmP\v Ct¸mgpw e`n¨psIm­ncn-¡p¶ am[ya{]kànbnep-ap-s­¶p tXm¶p-¶p. F§-s\-bmWv cmP³ \½p-sS-sbms¡ lrZ-b-§-fn Cu a«n CSw t\Sn-b-Xv. cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ¡v CXp-hsc ]nSn-In-«m¯ B am\-kc-l-ky-sa-´m-bn-cn¡pw?

Incm-X-hm-gvN-bpsS ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø-¡mew ae-bm-fn-bpsS s]mXp-kmw-kv¡m-cnIt_m[-¯n\v \evInb Gähpw DZm-¯-amb _en cmP-tâ-Xm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. hÀj-§Ä ]n¶n«n-«pw ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\-Ên cmP\pw, cmPsâ AÑ\pw, cmPsâ IpSpw-_hpw, BÀ.-C.-kn.-bpw, I¡-bw-Iym-¼pw, Dcp-«-ep-ap-­v. km[m-c-W-amb cmjv{Sobhyh-lmc (Political discourse)§fn \n¶pbÀ¶v cmP³kw-`hw Hcp kmwkvIm-cnIhyh-lm-c-ambpw cmP³ Hcp kmwkvIm-cn-I-_nw-_-ambpw ChnsS cq]m-´-c-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.

cmjv{Sobhyh-lm-c-am-bn-«-Ã, Hcp kmwkvIm-cn-I-hy-h-lm-c-am-bn-«mWv cmP³ ae-bm-fn-a-\-Ên \ndªp \n¡p-¶Xv F¶Xm-Wv cmPsâ Ft¸-mg-t¯bpw {]k-àn. cmjv{Sobhyh-lmcw am{X-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦n cmP³ F¶ t]cv CXn-t\m-SIw Xs¶ hnkvar-Xn-bn s]«p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p. Xntcm--[m-\-§fpw IÌ-Un-a-c-W-§-fp-sams¡ \mw Ffp¸w ad-¡p-IbmWv ]Xnsh¦nep-w cmP³ kw`-h-sa¶ B Idp¯ A[ym-b-¯nsâ HmÀ½-IÄ \½psS kmwkvIm-cnI t_m[-¯n Bg-¯n thcp-]n-Sn-¡p-Ibpw kaq-l-¯nsâ D]-t_m-[-X-e-§-fn Dd-ªp-IqSn InS-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cu¨c-hm-cyÀ acn¨ ka-b-t¯m-S-Sp¯v {]kn-²oI-cn-¡-s¸« amXr-`qan BgvN-¸-Xn-¸n Xml amSmbn cmPsâ AÑs\¸än Fgp-Xp¶ Hcp kvac-W-bp-­v. AX-h-km-\n-¡p-¶-Xv C§-s\-bmWv: “Fgp-]-Xp-I-fn Fcn-ªp-XoÀ¶ £p`n-X-bu-h-\-§-fpsS apgp-h³ AÑ-\m-bn-cp¶p Cu a\p-jy³, \½psS cmPsâ Aѳ”. ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS s]mXpt_m[-¯n \nd-ªp-I-nS-¡p¶ cmP³ F¶ kmwkvIm-cnI_nw_s¯ IrXy-ambn AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p¶XmWv CXnse ‘\½psS cmP³’ F¶ {]tbmKw. ‘\½psS’ taml³em-set¶m ‘\½psS’ a½q-«n-sbt¶m ‘\½psS’ tbip-Zm-skt¶m hnfn-¡m-dp-ffXpt]mse Hma-\-¯-ap-ff Hcp hnfn-bm-Wn-Xv. cmP³ ‘\½p-tS’-XmWv ‘Ah-cp-tS’tXm ‘R§-fp-tS’tXm AÃ. Hcp cmjv{Sobcà-km-£n¡pw tIc-f¯n CXp-hsc C¯-c-samcp ]cn-K-W\ e`n-¨n-«p-­m-In-Ã.

Cu¨-c-hm-cy-cpsS ac-W-t¯msS Hc-Ñsâ Im¯n-cn-¸n\v Xm¡m-en-I-amb hncm-a-am-bn. ]t£, ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\-Ênse ]nXrþamXr`mhw Hcp aI\p th­n-bp-ff sXc-¨nepw Im¯n-cn¸pw XpS-cp-¶p. CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS ]qX-¸m-«nepw Imhnse ]m«n-ep-sams¡ Bhn-jvI-cn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ ]p{XhmÂk-ey-¯nsâ AtX A\p-]m-X-¯n ae-bmfn cmP\p th­n Im¯pIgn-bp-¶p-­vþ Hcn-¡epw Xncn¨p hcn-sÃ-¶-dnªpsIm­pXs¶.

Cu¨-c-hm-cy-cpsS ac-W-tijw AUz-¡äv sI.cmwIp-amÀ hgn Icp-W-I-c\v t\m«o-k-b¨ Cu¨-c-hm-cy-cpsS aIÄ Nmµv\n, cmPsâ HmÀ½-IÄ I¯p¶ hgn-I-fn-eqsS k©-cn-¡p-¶p-­vþ ‘A½-bpsS, AÑsâ, cmPsâ hoSv’ F¶ IhÀ tÌmdn-bn (am[yaw BgvN-¸-Xn¸v 429). B e¡-¯nsâ IhÀ t]Pn henb A£-c-§-fn ‘s]§Ä’ F¶p tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnIPohn-X-hp-ambn Gsd tNÀ¶p \nev¡p¶ Hcp hm¡mWv ‘s]§Ä’ F¶-Xv. C¯-c-¯n Aѳ, A½, s]§Ä, aI³, hoSv F¶o ]Z-§-sfÃmw, Krlm-´-co-£-¯n-te¡v cmPs\ {]Xn-jvTn-¡m-\pÅ t_m[-]qÀÆtam AÃm-¯tXm Bb {ia-§-fpsS ^e-am-Wv. cmjv{Sobhyh-lmcambn-cp¶p cmP³ kw`-h-sa-¦n IpSpw-_-_-Ô--§Ä kqNn-¸n-¡p¶ C¯cw ]Z-§Ä¡v {]k-àn-bp-­m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ASp-¯-bnsS kn\nam kwhn-[m-b-I-\mb c¬Pn ]Wn-¡À Hcp teJ-\-¯n C§s\ ]d-bp-I-bp-­mbn: “ANyp-X-ta-t\m³ apJy-a-{´n-bmbn `cn-¡p¶ \m«n t]meo-knsâ ]nSn-bnÂs¸«p-t]mb Cu¨-c-hm-cy-cpsS Hä-a-I³ cmPsâ arX-tZlw t]mepw _m¡n-bp-­m-bnÔ F¶v. Cu hmIy-¯nse ‘HäaI³’ F¶ {]tbmKw t]mepw \½psSsbms¡-bp-f-fn cqV-aq-e-ambNne ]mc-¼cy-aqey--þ hnizm-k-§sf kv]Àin-¡m-\p-t±in¨pf-f-Xm-Wv.

ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø-bn Cc-bm-¡-s¸«p F¶XpsIm­Ã cmP³ ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS a\-Ên Øm\w ]nSn-¨-Xv. ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø-bv¡p-ti-jw, AJn-te-´ym-X-e-¯n tI{µw `cn-¨n-cp¶ tIm¬{KÊv h³ ]cm-Pbw t\cn-«-t¸m-Ä, ASn-b-´n-cm-hØ GÀs¸-Sp-¯n-b-h-tcmSv A\p-Iq-e-ambn {]Xn-I-cn¨v tIm¬{KÊvþ kn ]n sF kJy-¯n\v h³ `qcn-]-£-ap-­m¡ns¡mSp-¯-hcmWv \½Ä ae-bm-fn-IÄ. A£-cm-`ym-khpw cmjv{Sob{]_p-²-X-bp-an-Ãm¯ A\y-kw-Øm-\-¡mÀ tIm¬{K-Êns\ A¸msS Xqs¯dnªt¸mÄ cmjv{Sob{]_p-²-X-bp-ff tIc-fo-bÀ ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Øm-\p-Iq-en-Isf tXmfn-te-än. CXp-hsc \nÀ²m-cWw sNbvXn-«n-Ãm¯ Hcp cmjv{Sobka-ky-bmbn Ct¸mgpw \ne-\n¡p-¶-Xm-Wv ae-bm-fnIfpsS A¶-s¯ B cmjv{Sob\ne-]m-Sv.

ASn-b-´n-cm-hØ F¶ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v {]Xn-I-cn¨ a«n-em-bn-cp-¶nà ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø-bn cà-km-£nXzw hcn¨ cmP-t\mSv ae-bmfn kaqlw {]Xn-I-cn-¨-sX¶v hyàw. cmP-t\mSpw cmPsâ AÑ-t\mSpw A\p-`mhw ]peÀ¯m\pw B hr²-]n-Xm-hnsâ Im¯n-cn-¸n-t\mSv A\p-Iq-e-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¡m\pw ae-bmfn k¶-²-\m-bn. cmjv{SobImcy-§-tfm-Sp-ff {]Xn-I-c-Whpw sshb-ànIZpc-´-§-tfm-Sp--ff {]Xn-I-c-Whpw Htc a«neà \mw I­n-«p-f-f-sX¶v thW-sa-¦n CXns\ \nÊmchev¡-cn-¡mw. F¶m hyàn-bpsS tIh-e-amb Zpc-´-sa¶ \ne-hn«v Hcp tZi-¯nsâ apgp-h³ s\©n¯-d¨ apf-fmbn cmP³ amdnb ImgvN-bmWv \ap-¡p-ap-¶n-ep-f-f-Xv. ASn-b-´n-cm-hØmIme-t¯m-Sp-ff s]s«-¶p-ff {]Xn-I-cWw ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Øsb A\p-Iq-en-¡p¶ a«n-em-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw ]n¶oSv \ma-Xns\ `oI-c-hm-gvN-bpsS Ime-am-bn-¯s¶ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-­v. F¬]-Xp-I-fn tIc-f-¯nse kmln-Xy-þ-kmw-kvIm-cnIcwK-¯p-­mb ]p¯-\p-WÀhn\v ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Øbpw A¡mew apt¶m-«p-h¨ hn¹-hm-ib§fpw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc Imc-W-am-bn-«ps­¶v ImWmw. F¬]-Xp-I-fn Xs¶-bmWv cmjv{Sobhyh-lm-c-¯n \n¶v kmwkvIm-cnIhyh-lm-c-¯n-te¡v cmP\v Øm\-¡-bäw In«p-¶-Xpw.

]nd-hn-bn t{]wPn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ IYm-]m-{X-t¯m-sS¶ t]mse Cu¨-c-hm-cyÀ F¶ AÑ-t\mSpw am\-kn-I-ambn sFIy-s¸-Sm³, XmZ-mßyw {]m]n-¡m³, ae-bm-fn¡p Ign-ªn-«p-­v.

“Fsâ hmbn Dnan-\oÀ \ndªp. I®p-Im-Wm-Xmbn. ImXn apg-§p¶ Nqfw hnfn. Hcp \nanjw, F©n-\o-bÀ _ncpZw t\Sn-sb-¯p¶ Fsâ aIs\ HmÀ¯p. Fsâ {]Xo-£-bpsS kqcy³, shfn¨aW-ªp. AW-ª-XÃ; XÃn-s¡-Sp-¯n-b-Xm-Wv”þ ‘Hc-Ñsâ HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸p-I-fn’ Cu¨-c-hm-cy-sc-gp-Xn. Cu¨-c-hm-cy-cpsS Xo{hZp:Jm\p-`hw Hcp hnem-]-Im-hy-¯nsâ cq]w t\Sp-I-bmWv C¯cw hm¡p-I-fnÂ. ]nXr-`mhw a\-Ên-ep-ff GsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw a\-sÊm¶p ]nS-bpw. Hcp cmjv{So-b-¡mcyw am{X-ambnt¸mIp-am-bn-cp¶ cmP³kw`-h-¯n\v hyXy-kvX-amb `mh-Xew \ÂIp-¶Xv XoÀ¨-bmbpw Cu¨-c-hm-cy-cmWv. \½psS kmlnXyhpw kn\n-abpw ]{X-am-[y-a-§fpw AtXsäSp-¯-tXmsS AsXmcp kmwkvIm-cnIhnj-b-ambn. `c-W-IqSw hyàn-bpsS kzmX-{´ys¯ GsXms¡ hn[-¯n \nl-\n-¡p¶p F¶-Xnsâ {]Xy-t£mZml-c-W-ambn cmP³ amdn.

cmP³ ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnIPohn-X-¯nsâ `mK-ambn amdn-¡-gn-ª-Xn\v ]n¶n Ht«sd Imc-W-§-fp-­m-h-Ww. AXv Xo{h-hn-¹-h-{]-Øm-\-§-tfmSpw £p`n-X-bu-h-\-t¯mSpw ae-bmfn kz´w a\-Ên Krlm-Xp-cXzw IeÀ¶ B`n-apJyw \ne-\nÀ¯p-¶Xp sIm­p-amhmw. CS-Xp-]£ Xo{h-hm-Z-{]-Øm-\-§-tfmSv ae-bmfn kaqlw ]peÀ¯n-t¸m-cp¶ Cu A\p-`mhw ]pXnb Imcy-aÃ. CS-t¯m«pw he-t¯m«pw Nm©m-Sn-s¡m-­n-cn-¡p¶ tIc-fob ]ucÀ¡v a\-Ên Im¯p-kq-£n-¡m-\p-ff km¦Â]nI temIw hn`m-h\ sN¿m\pw AXn-te¡v Bbp-[-sa-Sp-s¯-¦n A§-s\bpw sNs¶-¯m-\p-ff hgn-Im-Wn¨p sImSp-¯Xv Xo{hCS-Xp-]-£-am-Wv. F¶mÂ, ae-bmfna[y-hÀ¤-k-aqlw Xo{h-C-S-Xp-]-£-t¯mSv ImWn-¨n-«p-ff B`n-apJyw hÃmsX Im]Syw \nd-ªXpamWv. hn¹-hm-i-b-§sf {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-e-¯nse¯n¡msX Bi-b-X-e-¯n \ne-\nÀ¯-t¸m¶ Cu GÀ¸m-Sp-X-s¶-bmWv a[y-hÀ¤-`o-cp-Xz-sa¶pw hnfn-¡-s¸-Sm-dp-f-f-Xv. cmP³, hÀ¤o-kv, APn-X, F¶n-§-s\-bp-ff t]cp-IÄ icm-icn ae-bm-fn-bn-ep-WÀ¯p-¶Xv C¯cw Nne km¦-ev¸nItaml-§fpw Bth-i-§fpw Xs¶-bm-Wv. kzoI-c-W-ap-dn-bn Ìm^v sNbvXp-h-bv¡m-hp¶ Xo{h-hn-¹-hm-i-b-§--tfm-Sm-WtÃm ae-b-mfn¡v F¶pw {]nbw. Nn{X¯n Bte-J\w sN¿-s¸-«-Xp-t]m-sebp-ff, C\n-sbm-cn-¡epw Xncn¨p hcm-\n-S-bn-Ãm¯ Hcp [oc-c-à-km-£n-bm-Wv, hoc-hn-¹-h-Im-cn-bmWv aebm-fnbv¡v cmP³. hn¹h{]Øm-\-§-tfmSv _Ô-s¸« hyàn-bm-bn-cpt¶m cmP-s\¶ kwibw ]ecpw D¶bn-¨n«p­v. cmP³ \Ivk-sse-äm-bn-cp-¶n-à F¶-v Dd¸n--¨-v ]dbp¶hcpw Gsdbp­v. cmPsâ cmjv{Sob-s¯ kw_Ôn¨ C-u AhyàXbpw aebm-fnbv¡v cmPs\ s\t©mSptNÀ¡m-³ t{]c-Wbm-Ip-¶-p­v. {]Jym]n--X\mb Hcp \Ivk-sse-äm-bn-cp-s¶-¦n Ct¸mÄ cmP\p e`n-¡p¶ Cu hmÂkeyw e`n-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶n-söpw tXm¶p-¶p.

cmP³ anSp-¡-\mb Hcp F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnZymÀ°n-bm-bn-cp-¶p. \¶mbn ]mSp-Ibpw Iem-{]-hÀ¯-\-§-fn GÀs¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp¶ klr-Z-b-\mb hnZymÀ°n. Iym¼kv ske-£³ Ignªv cmP\v t_mws_-bn tPmen In«p-am-bn-cp¶psh¶v ktlm-Zcn Nmµv\n HmÀ¡p-¶p-­v. C¯-c-¯n anSp-¡-\mb Hcp hnZymÀ°n-bmWv Xntcm-`-hn-¨-Xv. cmPsâ hnZym-`ym-k-]-chpw Iem-]-c-hp-amb tbmKyXIÄ cmPs\ IqSp-X kvt\ln-¡m³ aebm-fnbv¡v A\p-Iq-e-L-S-I-am-Ip-¶-p­v.

tIc-fobkaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xpw khÀ®þ]mc-¼-cy-L-S-I-§Ä¡v {]m[m-\y-ap-ff-Xp-amb Hcp Iqeo-\-IpSpw-_-amWv cmP-tâ-Xv. A¼-e-hmkn kap-Zm-bwKamb cmPsâ Aѳ tImtf-P-[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-¶p. th­{X _Ôp-_-ehpw injy-k-¼-¯p-ap-ff hyàn. A[n-Im-c-tI-{µ-§-fn-ep-ff ]e-tcmSpw kplrZv _Ô-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶p At±-l-¯n\v. apJy-[m-cbv¡v ]pd-¯p-ff GsX-¦nepw ZpÀ_-e-hn-`m-K-§-fnÂ\nt¶m ASn-Øm\hÀ¤-¯n \nt¶m Aà cmP³ hcp-¶Xv. bmsXmcp hn¹h-]m-c-¼-cyhpw cmP³ Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶nÃ. kmaq-ly-am-\y-Xbpw km¼-¯nIØnXn-bp-ap-ff Ipeo-\-amb Hcp khÀ®IpSpw-_-¯nse GIaI-\mb cmPs\, km¼-¯n-I-hpw PmXo-b-hp-amb Iqeo-\-X-tbmSv AXn-em-f\ {]I-Sn-¸n-¨n-«p-ff ae-bmfnkaqlw Ffp¸¯n kvt\ln-¨p-t]m-bn-«p-­mImw. A\p-Iq-e-amb Ht«sd LSI§fp-­m-bn«pw Cu¨-c-hm-cyÀ¡v Xsâ aIs\ Is­-¯m-\m-bn-Ã-tÃm-sb¶pw ae-bmfn kl-X-]n-¨n«p-­m-I-Ww.

Pohn-¨n-cp¶ hyàn F¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ Hcp IYm-]m-{X-sa¶ \ne-bn-emWv cmP³ IqSp-X kzoI-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-f-f-sX¶p tXm¶p-¶p. cmPsâ IYsb D]-Po-hn¨v Ht«sd kmlnXyIrXn-Ifpw kn\n-a-I-fp-ap-­m-bn-«p­v. ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø- ]-cm-aÀi-hn-t[-b-am-Ip¶ an¡ IrXn-I-fnepw cmP³ IYm-]m-{X-am-Ip-¶p. kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ¡p ]pdsa teJ-\-§Ä, ^o¨-dp-IÄ, kvac-W-IÄ, A`n-ap-J-§Ä F¶n-§s\ hnhn[coXn-I-fn cmP³ kw`hw Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡s¸«n«p-­v. cmP³ ]dª IY, C¯n-cn-¸pth Nph¶ ]qth, A½ Adn-bm³, ]ndhn XpS-§nb kn\n-a-I-fn apJy-{]-ta-b-ambpw ]e kn\n-a-I-fnepw D]m-Jym-\-§-fmbpw cmPsâ IY-bp­v. C³h-Ìn-tK-äohv tPÀW-enkw F¶ \ne-bn ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø-Im-es¯ ]oV-\-I-Y-IÄ ae-bmf ]{X-am-[y-a-§-fn sk³tk-j-\-ssekv sNbvX dnt¸mÀ«p-Ifmbn {]Xy-£-s¸-«p. B \nebv¡pw cmP³ ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\-Ênsâ At_m-[-X-e-§-fn-se-¯n. Cu¨-c-hm-cy-cpsS ‘Hc-Ñsâ HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ’ F¶ ]pkvX-I-amWv asämcp {][m\ \nan¯w. Cw¥o-jnepw aäp temI `mj-I-fnepw hnhÀ¯\w sN¿-s¸-«-tXmsS tIc-f-¯n \n¶pÅ henb Hcp a\pjym-h-Imi {]iv\-ambn cmP³kw`hw NÀ¨mhnj-b-am-bn.

Fgp-]-Xp-I-fnepw F¬]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Im-e-§-fnepw Gsd ià-ambn \ne-\n¶ kam-´-c-{]-kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä cmP³kw`-hs¯ P\-lr-Z-b-§-fn F¯n-¡m³ Gsd klm-bn-¨n-«p-f-f-h-bmWv. t{]c-W, {]kàn, hm¡v, kw{I-aWw XpS-§nb {]kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä ae-bm-f-¯nse Fgp-¯n hen-b-tXm-Xn `mhp-IXz]cn-Wmaw hcp-¯n-bn-«p-f-f-h-bmWv. Hcp-]t£ \½psS C¶s¯ apJy-[mcm {]kn-²oIcW-§Ä Df-f-S-¡-¯nepw Bhn-jvIm-c-¯nepw hcp-¯n-bn-«p-ff \ho-\-X-I-sfÃmw Hcp Ime¯v kam-´c {]kn-²n-I-c-W-§-fn ]co-£n-¡-s¸-«-h-bmWv. C¶s¯ apJy-[mcmam[y-a-`m-j-t]mepw A¡m-e-¯nsâ krjvSn-bm-sW¶p ]dbmw. kam-´c{]ko-²n-I-c-§-fpsS `mhhpw `mjbpw A\p-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-tXmsS A¡m-es¯ Nne hnj-b-§fpw hyh-lm-c-§fpw kz`m-hn-I-ambn apJy-[m-c-bnepw IS¶ph¶p. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L-\-§-sf-¸än ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶n-S-s¯ms¡ cmP³ DZm-l-c-W-ambn. cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ¡v Ccn-¡-s¸m-dp-Xn-bn-Ãm¯ Hcp kÀh-Im-e-hn-hm-Z-ambn cmP³tIkv amdp-Ibpw ]{X-am-[y-a-§-fn ap³t]-Pn¯s¶ AXv CSw t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS a\-Ênse Ahyàcq]n-bmb hn¹-h-Im-cnbpw dn_-ep-amWv cmP³. kµn-Kv-²-amb FÃm hn¹-h-tam-l-§-fp-sSbpw {]XoIw. cmPs\ Im¯n-cn-¡p¶ AÑ-\m-Is« ]mXn-a-\-Êp-sIm­v hn¹-hs¯ kvt\ln-¡p-Ibpw ]mXn sIm­v AXns\ \ntj-[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ae-bm-fn-am-[ya hÀ¤ kz`m-h-L-S-\-tbbpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p-¶p. IpSpw_w/kaqlw F¶n-hsb hncp-²-Zz-µ-§-fn ImWp¶ aebm-fn-bpsS am\-kn-I-L-S-\sb cmP³kw`-hs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n \nÀ½n¨ c­p kn\n-a-IÄ (C-¯n-cn-¸qth Nph¶ ]qth, ]nd-hn) hnZ-Kv²-ambn NqjWw sN¿p-¶-­v. c­p Nn{X-§fpw IpSpw_]Ým-¯-e-¯n \nÀ¯n cmjv{Sobkw`-hs¯ ImWm³ {ian-¡p¶ a«n-emWv \nÀ½n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv . cmPs\ IpSpw-_-]-Ým-¯-e-¯n \nÀ¯n-Im-Wm-\mWv F¶pw ae-bm-fn¡v CjvSw. [n¡mcn, \ntj[n, hn¹-h-Imcn F¶o hm¡p-IÄ Imev]-\n-I-ambn Ah-Ø-bn ae-bm-fn¡p {]nb-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. A[n-Im-c-t¯bpw `c-W-Ip-S-t¯bpw \ntj-[n-¡p¶ buh\XojvW-Xbpw ae-bm-fnbv¡v CjvS-am-Wv-þ-kz´w IpSpw-_-km-l-N-cy-¯n AXp IS¶p hc-cp-sX-t¶-bp-f-fp. kz´-ambn H¶pw _en sImSp-¡m-\n-jvS-s¸-Sm¯ ae-bmfn A]-csâ \jvS-§sf kz´w _en-I-fmbn IcpXn AXn-t\mSv XmZm-ßy-s¸«v kt´m-jn-¡p-¶p. a[y-hÀ¤-¯nsâ kz]v\-§-fnse BZÀi-tem-I-§-fn cmP³ Hcp bmYmÀ°y-ambn/k¦-ev]-ambn F¶pw \ndªp \nev¡pw. \½psS cmP-\m-bn.